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# Track Transactions and Nonces

## Overview

[`transaction.waitForReceipt`](/docs/actions/public/transaction/waitForReceipt) observes a submitted
transaction until it is included and detects replacements with the same sender and nonce.

Transaction read Actions expose the request, raw bytes, receipt, and confirmation count. A Nonce
Manager coordinates parallel sends from a Local Account.

## Recipes

These recipes assume you have [set up a Client](/docs) with public and wallet Actions.

### Wait for Confirmation

The watcher exposes a receipt promise and optional listeners for replacements or errors.

:::code-group
```ts twoslash [example.ts]
import { Value } from 'viem/utils'
import { client } from './viem.config'

const hash = await client.transaction.send({ // [!code focus]
  to: '0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8', // [!code focus]
  value: Value.fromEther('1'), // [!code focus]
}) // [!code focus]

const watch = client.transaction.waitForReceipt({ hash }) // [!code focus]
watch.onReplaced(({ reason }) => console.log(reason)) // [!code focus]

const receipt = await watch.receipt // [!code focus]
```

```ts twoslash [viem.config.ts] filename="viem.config.ts"
// [!include ~/snippets/docs/viem.config.ts:setup]
```
:::

### Read Transaction Status

Use [`transaction.get`](/docs/actions/public/transaction/get),
[`transaction.getReceipt`](/docs/actions/public/transaction/getReceipt), and
[`transaction.getConfirmations`](/docs/actions/public/transaction/getConfirmations) when polling is
managed elsewhere. [`transaction.getRaw`](/docs/actions/public/transaction/getRaw) returns the
serialized transaction.

:::code-group
```ts twoslash [example.ts]
import { client } from './viem.config'

const hash = '0x4ca7ee652d57678f26e887c149ab0735f41de37bcad58c9f6d3ed5824f15b74d'

const transaction = await client.transaction.get({ hash }) // [!code focus]
const receipt = await client.transaction.getReceipt({ hash }) // [!code focus]
const confirmations = await client.transaction.getConfirmations({ hash }) // [!code focus]
const raw = await client.transaction.getRaw({ hash }) // [!code focus]
```

```ts twoslash [viem.config.ts] filename="viem.config.ts"
// [!include ~/snippets/docs/public.config.ts:setup]
```
:::

### Watch Pending Transactions

[`transaction.watchPending`](/docs/actions/public/transaction/watchPending) subscribes or polls for
transaction hashes entering the connected node's pool.

:::code-group
```ts twoslash [example.ts]
import { client } from './viem.config'

const watch = client.transaction.watchPending() // [!code focus]
watch.onTransactions((hashes) => console.log(hashes)) // [!code focus]

// Later:
watch.off() // [!code focus]
```

```ts twoslash [viem.config.ts] filename="viem.config.ts"
// [!include ~/snippets/docs/public.config.ts:setup]
```
:::

The watcher is also an async iterable. It yields the latest update and may skip intermediate values
if the consumer is slow.

:::code-group
```ts twoslash [example.ts]
import { client } from './viem.config'

const watch = client.transaction.watchPending()

for await (const { hashes } of watch) { // [!code focus]
  console.log(hashes) // [!code focus]
} // [!code focus]
```

```ts twoslash [viem.config.ts] filename="viem.config.ts"
// [!include ~/snippets/docs/public.config.ts:setup]
```
:::

### Send Concurrent Transactions

Attach [`NonceManager.jsonRpc`](/docs/accounts/nonce-manager#noncemanagerjsonrpc) to a Local Account before sending
several transactions concurrently.

:::code-group
```ts twoslash [example.ts]
import { Value } from 'viem/utils'
import { client } from './viem.config'

const hashes = await Promise.all([
  client.transaction.send({
    to: '0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8',
    value: Value.fromEther('1'),
  }),
  client.transaction.send({
    to: '0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8',
    value: Value.fromEther('2'),
  }),
])
```

```ts twoslash [viem.config.ts] filename="viem.config.ts"
import { Account, Client, http, NonceManager, walletActions } from 'viem'
import { mainnet } from 'viem/chains'

const account = Account.fromPrivateKey('0x...', {
  nonceManager: NonceManager.jsonRpc(), // [!code focus]
})

export const client = Client.create({
  account,
  chain: mainnet,
  transport: http(),
}).extend(walletActions())
```
:::

## Best Practices

### Track by Hash

Persist the hash immediately after broadcast. It is the stable identifier for recovering status
after a process restart.

### Treat Replacement as a Result

A repriced, replaced, or cancelled transaction is part of the lifecycle. Record the replacement
hash and receipt instead of treating every replacement as an application failure.

## See More

<Cards>
  <Card icon="lucide:list-ordered" title="Nonce Manager" description="Customize how transaction nonces are seeded and stored." to="/docs/accounts/nonce-manager" />

  <Card icon="lucide:radio" title="Watch Pending Transactions" description="Observe hashes entering the node's pending transaction pool." to="/docs/actions/public/transaction/watchPending" />
</Cards>